Simple Past tense in Gujarati - Part 1

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In previous lesson (http://learn-gujarati-from-english.blogspot.com/2013/11/simple-past-tense-of-to-be-in-gujarati.html) we studied simple Past tense of verb "To Be". Let us see the simple past tense of other verbs.

In Simple past tense there 2 types of statements.

Type 1) Verbs which require nouns/objective i.e. transitive verbs

e.g. I ate mango.

Here "I" is subjective/Nominative and "mango" is objective.

In Gujarati such verbs are called સકર્મક ક્રિયાપદ(sakarmak kriyApad)

Type 2) Verbs which do not require nouns/objective i.e. intransitive verbs

e.g. I speak.

Here "I" is subjective (Nominative) . The verb speak does not need noun/objective

In Gujarati such verbs are called અકર્મક ક્રિયાપદ(akarmak kriyApad)

For 1^st kind of statement verb is formed according to gender of objective

And in 2^nd kind of statement verb is formed according to gender of Pronoun/subjective/Nominative

Suffixes are as follows

English Pronoun	Gujarati Pronoun	Suffix to verb
Masculine Singular Pronouns I, You, He, This, That	હું  (huM), તું  (tuM), આ/એ/તે  (A/e/te) પુલ્લિંગી	યો (yo )
Feminine  Singular Pronouns I, You, She, This, That	હું  (huM), તું  (tuM), આ/એ/તે  (A/e/te) સ્ત્રિલિંગી	ઈ (I)
Neuter Singular Pronouns. Generally only in third person It, This, That	આ/એ/તે  (A/e/te) નપુસકલિંગ	યું (yuM )
Masculine plural pronouns We, You(plural), They, Those, You(plural)	અમે  (ame), આપણે  (ApaNe), તમે (tame )  તેઓ/ એ/તે  (teo /e/te) પુલ્લિંગી	યા (yA)
First & Second person plural for Feminine We, You(plural) and Polite form	અમે  (ame), આપણે  (ApaNe), તમે (tame ) , તેઓ(teo) સ્ત્રિલિંગી	યાં (yAM)
Third plural for Feminine They/Those/These	તેઓ/આ/એ/તે  (teo /A/e/te) સ્ત્રિલિંગી	ઈ (I)
Plurals in neuter gender Generally only in third person Or Group of different gender perosns	આ/એ/તે  (A/e/te)	યાં (yAM)

Note that these suffixes follow ઓ-ઈ-ઉં-આ-ઈ-આં (o-I-uM-A-I-AM ) યો-ઈ-યું-યા-ઈ-યાં ( yo-I-yuM-yA-I-yAM ) rule

Note that suffixes merge with last consonant of the verb stem 
So, 
બોલ(bol) + યો(yo) = બોલ્યો(bolyo )  and Not બોલયો  (bolayo)
ચાલ(chAl ) + યું(yuM ) = ચાલ્યું (chAlyuM ) an NOT ચાલયું ( chAlayuM)


Examples of અકર્મક ક્રિયાપદ(akarmak kriyApad) i.e. verb that do not need noun

1) (If boy says) I laughed 
Here કર્તા(kartA) i.e. doer of action is masculine singular. So we use suffix યો (yo ).  હસ(has) + યો(yo) = હસ્યો (hasyo)
(If boy says) I laughed -> હું હસ્યો  (huM hasyo )


2) Similarly,
(If said to one boy) You walked -> તું ચાલ્યો   (tuM chAlyo  )

3) (If girl says) I laughed 
Here કર્તા(kartA) i.e. doer of action is feminine singular. So we use suffix ઈ (I).   હસ(has) +  ઈ (I) = હસી  (hasI)
(If girl says) I laughed ->હું હસી  (huM hasI)

4) Similarly,
(If said to one girl) You walked -> તું ચાલી  (tuM chAlI )

5) They said 
Here કર્તા(kartA) i.e. doer of action is plural. As gender is unknown we will use neuter plural form i.e. યાં (yAM).
બોલ(bol) +  યાં (yAM) = બોલ્યાં(bolyAM)
They said -> તેઓ બોલ્યાં  (teo bolyAM )

6) He(polite form) sat 
Here કર્તા(kartA) i.e. doer of action is polite form of pronoun. So we use suffix યા (yA).   બેસ(bes) +  યા (yA) = બેસ્યા  (besyA)
He(polite) sat -> તેઓ બેસ્યા  (teo besyA)


7) This girl said -> આ છોકરી બોલી ( A ChokarI bolI  )
8) Those girls said -> એ છોકરીઓ બોલી  ( e ChokarIo bolI  )



Listen examples in this lesson at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-QCLwjGEdc 

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Note :-  Right hand side of the blog shows "Blog Archive". Expand it fully to see whole list of posts to Learn Gujarati. Learn Gujarati grammar and many aspects Gujarati language online.

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